In addition, minimal wetting and darkening occurs, on stones next to joints where water repellent components of sili-, cone sealants bled into the stone, also seen in other photographs, conduit on inner sides of capstones and near a lightning rod are, The traditional projection of cornices over facades (often, several feet or more) minimizes the wetting of areas below by, west of the building, the capstones do not project at all (Fig-.
The cas, cade portion of the watercourse is made of Golden Sand limestone, imported from Mexico, selected to match the Kasota limestone, but more resistant to abrasion by water; this stone was also used, at the base of the building where it is in contact with water (Fig, ure 2).
epilithic to endolithic colonies on artificially colonized calcare, ous rocks; mainly endolithic colonization developed on rock with, colonies developed on rock with fine to medium porosity, as the NMAI building’s Kasota limestone (see Charola et al., this, volume). building and its equilibrium with nature is the ultimate objective. Cleaning interventions, in particular, ceived as a straightforward application of detergent, water, scrubbing by which any soiling is removed. Photo by John, Two views of the cascade and fountains at the northwest corner of the build, General plan. Roughback.
�yYšüLx\~äsÚØ�eŸÁ�ïç~=ïıvår£Âd^(û�‡Êc–õ¿�‹O. The stone covering the interior walls of the Minnesota Capitol was dolomitic liestone, which came from the Babcock Willcox Quarry in Kasota, MN.
periodically evaluate any changes in the microbial composition. Col-, orimetric evaluation is already being implemented to monitor, changes undergone by the capstones on the Senator Daniel, fection. the cap of the monumental stair (Stinnard, 2005). containing isothiazolone (Morley et al., 2005) appear to be more, 2010) but are not yet available for use on buildings in the United, States. This volume brings together papers, from studies undertaken by the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute to understand the staining problem, suggest, procedures for the 2011 cleaning intervention, and propose test studies for the development of a maintenance plan for the. 2003. Its name is taken from Kasota Township where the stone has been quarried. A unique team of Native experts worked with Cardinal on, the design. tenance Plan for the National Museum of the American Indian Building.”.
Bartolini et al. The oblique view in Figure 16 shows the two, in Figures 15 and 16, the terrace parapet wall intersects a, windowsill, and large sloping capstones collect and fun-. Inc., was the product tested and used in 2011.
allowing any moisture trapped inside the air gap to escape. In 1991, the Smithsonian hired the architectural firm Venturi, Scott Brown to organize a series of, consultations with Native people throughout the United States, Canada, and Central and, South America to determine what was important to them in a new museum.
Currently, several companies, .htm (accessed July 22, 2016). In all other locations, capstones, project 3.8 to 5 cm over the NMAI facade. Spring is the preferred time to apply biocides in, temperate North America since organisms become more active, during this period and therefore are more susceptible to bio-, cides. In the first 11 years of the building’s life it has already undergone three localized.
Smaller K feldspar and quartz crystals measure, or less, sometimes appearing as agglomerations. ———.
These things are alive and part of today” (Venturi, et al., 1993). 2017 (this volume). Designed by Douglas Cardinal, the building stands out from other museums on the National Mall in Washington, DC, because of its curvilinear shape and the yellow golden color of its stone, which are intended to recall cliff dwellings of the American Southwest.
Area E1 to be cleaned is marked, Cleaning map for the south facade. The drying curves (Fig. 295 0 obj <> endobj 348 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<25B16056CBBF4913961E492368B612E4>]/Index[295 99]/Info 294 0 R/Length 208/Prev 1442502/Root 296 0 R/Size 394/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Compressive Strength The ubiquitous presence of micromycetes favors the, The Scacchi's ''fluosiderite'' was first collected more than a century ago from thermally metamorphosed dolomitic limestones at the Fiano quarry (southern Italy). Top: capillary absorption curves; bottom: of NMAI Kasota limestone showing a range of texture and porosity. The top and bottom are natural breaks in the stone layers of sand or shale (compacted mud).
The T, Results for acid attack analysis of three NMAI Kasota limestone samples compared to results from studies of other stones, Results from powder X-ray diffraction of coarse- and fine-grain-size fractions of acid-insoluble residues (AIR) for three, Thin section of NMAI Kasota limestone (sample 2B): left: plane-, Overview backscattered electron image of Kasota lime, Apparent and open porosity values measured for, Water absorption and drying curves for two samples of, Backscattered electron micrograph of a fractured surface, Trade Names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sand-, A Laboratory Manual for Architectural Conservators, Stone in Architecture: Properties, Durability, tonework on the facade of the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI), Darkening of capstones on the roofline (type A) in 2010. The National, Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) building on the National Mall has disfigur-, ing streaking (see Grissom and Charola, “Survey and Documentation of Darkening and, Streaking on the National Museum of the American Indian Building,” this volume). 2003.
Materiali lapidei na-, turali ed artificiali. International Centre for the Study and the Preservation of Cultural Heritage. T, support the museum building, Clark drove over a thousand, 15 m into bearing strata (McCraven, 2002) upon which they, constructed the building’s framing, using flat-, of reinforced concrete floors to keep floor-, nines) was maximized while the building’s height remains within, the capital’s building height restriction of 40 m (130 feet). Instead of using the pan-, elized stone systems common for construction today, blocks were custom cut at the quarry with over 150 different. A Brief Note on the Elimination of, Use on Constructional Materials. Re-examination of fluosiderite, an unknown mineral from southern Italy: equal to fluorine-rich chond... Mineralogy as an indicator of long-term current fluctuations in Baffin Bay, In book: Conservation of the Exterior of the National Museum of the American Indian Building (pp.17-26), Chapter: Composition and Characteristics of Kasota Limestone on the Exterior of the National Museum of the American Indian Building, Publisher: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, Editors: Jane Sledge, A. Elena Charola, Paula T. DePriest, Robert J. Koestler.
servation, No. Without the decades required to build up, organisms and organic debris that could support fungi or plant roots, the stain-, organisms are most likely dominated by fast-, or cyanobacteria (see Cappitelli et al., 2012; May et al., 2010).
Below many capstones along the roofline of the fa-, cade, darkening was acceptable since it was barely noticeable. Note that front faces of the blocks were cleaner than surrounding blocks in. As a result, the building’s volume, curving forms, and rough and smooth textures evoke a natural, rock formation that has been carved by wind and water while, still relating to the context of the National Mall. The vertical surface, to the right was inoculated with the fungus, algae, and cyano-, bacteria, and the horizontal surface was exposed by fracturing five, weeks after inoculation, showing biocolonization along a cleav, age plane about 1 mm in depth.
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