the Battle of Mantinea, Argos, which had been courted by both sides, The Archidamian War is the first part of the Second Peloponnesian War and was characterised by the Spartan besiegement of Athens which led to the development of a plague within Athens that killed many Athenians, including Pericles. With the desertion to the enemy of thousands of slaves and a severe shortage of food supplies getting through, Athens began to feel the full force of what the Spartans were doing. A terrible plague hit Athens in 430 BC; it was so bad that Sparta decided against attacking its enemy in case its soldiers contracted the deadly illness. The new politicians gained their wealth through trade and manufacturing. The trial resulted in the execution of six of Athens's top naval commanders. Their policies were belligerent, and they appealed to the basest motives of the demos, its jealousy and rapacity. First, their foes were lacking in initiative. They had grown up in a city that had seen itself as the foremost power of Greece. This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. With this fact in mind it might be tempting to consider the great war between Athens with its allies and Sparta with its allies, which is often called “the Peloponnesian War,” as just another among many long struggles.
However, Athens recovered well and under the leadership of Nikias and Kleon, it enjoyed success in the Corinthian Gulf in 429 BC. The Syracusans called on the Spartans for help, and they were quite happy to renew their war against Athens. In Athens what had arisen instead was a new kind of politician, not from the traditional, landholding aristocracy, but of the demos. A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states. Barry Strauss: Athens after the Peloponnesian War. Class, Faction and Policy 403–386 B.C., New York 2014, p. 80. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. It ruined Athens, at least for a time.…, The Season of the Dead (Le Temps Des Morts), The Search for New Systems of Classification, The Second Phase of the Industrial Revolution: 1850–1940, The Second Retreat of the United Nations Command, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/second-peloponnesian-war, Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries). These ships were then released, and served as the core of the Athenians' fleet throughout the rest of the war. After arriving in Sicily, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens for trial.
He took command of the Syracusan troops, and in a series of battles defeated the Athenian forces, and prevented them from invading the city. its naval support behind Sparta, hastening the inevitable end of the An Unsteady Peace . At the Battle of Olpae in 426 BC, over 1,000 Spartans died. Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Athens stretched their military activities into Boeotia and Aetolia, quelled the Mytilenean revolt and began fortifying posts around the Peloponnese. Sicily . until about 424, the Athenians made additional progress both into the The oligarchs also encouraged those cities that were still subject to them to adopt similarly oligarchic governments, but they tended to revolt instead. Sparta. Sustainability Policy | [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. The Second Peloponnesian War. Thus, the two powers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. However, the treaty only lasted six. The new Councilors showed up at the Council House in Athens with a large, armed escort and dismissed the democratically selected Council of Five Hundred. There was a promise given that power would ultimately be in the hands of an Assembly of Five Thousand, a number limited to those who could serve the city either financially or by bearing hoplite weapons. for just under half its intended duration. It was also taken as a bad omen that somebody cut the phalluses off of many of the small statues of the god Hermes, called “herms,” that were located throughout the city. Despite Cleon’s successes, he was not able to win over everyone. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. A diplomatic . They elected Alcibiades general, who served as a conciliator. Peloponnesian War, Athens signed a treaty with the Peloponnesian League. By 404, Athens capitulated. During this first stage of the Second Facts about the Second Peloponnesian War.
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