The Battle of Pinkie or giving it its full title, the battle of Pinkie Cleugh, was a disaster for both Scotland and the borderers who fought there.
var elem = document.createElement('script'); var _qevents = _qevents || []; It didn’t take long for the Scots lines to break, and many retreating Scots drowned in the Esk or the nearby bogs. development 100 years earlier than is generally accepted.
consequences were so slight. Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window). Along with the traditional English longbowmen, he had several hundred German mercenaries and a well-equipped artillery train, as well as 6,000 cavalry. */ On 7th August, Mary sailed to France from Dumbarton and French troops were beginning to arrive in Scotland to support their allies.
The young Queen was sent into hiding as Somerset occupied Scottish castles and towns along the border and held large swathes of territory in the Borders and Lowlands. My own introduction to Pinkie Cleugh, which I had never heard of before, was in the first of Dorothy Dunnett’s Lymond chronicles A Game of Kings, where the battle is a key point of the story. elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? Historians have tended to regard the British Isles as a military backwater in the 16th
Lord Grey accepted the challenge and led a force of men-at-arms and demi-lancers against the Scots.
var d = document, s = d.createElement('script'); The fleeing Scots were chased towards the Esk and into the bogs. She remained in France until her young husband unexpectedly died in 1560 and suddenly, the marriage of the Scottish queen became, once again, a matter of interest to England, now under the very different rule of her cousin Elizabeth. Despite the disaster at Pinkie Cleugh, the English failed to achieve their aims and probably felt that the war had resulted in a waste of men and money. Meanwhile, to the west, Thomas Wharton and the Scottish Earl of Lennox, who chose to support the English invasion, invaded with 5000 men in an intended diversion, burning Annan and taking Castlemilk. In all, his army numbered nearly 17,000 men. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. // IMPORTANT: Replace EXAMPLE with your forum shortname! try { Unfortunately, this advance moved him out of the protection of his guns on the Forth and the Scottish left flank was badly mauled by fire from the English warships. * RECOMMENDED CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT AND UNCOMMENT Unfortunately, moving meant that the army could no longer be protected by their embedded guns, which made them vulnerable to fire from Somerset’s ships offshore. with Disqus. Yet, in one respect, the battle was highly significant. Website of Lynn Bryant, historical novelist and author of the Peninsular War Saga. The Scots managed to pull together 22 or 23,000 men under the Earl of Arran, but the bulk of the Scots army was pikemen and Highland archers. There is an excellent battlefield walk which I would recommend to anybody visiting the area, and especially on a misty day as it was when I visited, it is very easy to imagine the sound of guns, the clashing of pikes and swords and the screams of dying men and horses on that Saturday in 1547…, At the end of his reign, Henry VIII was keen to marry his young son, Edward to the baby Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Visit Penguin Random House’s website to find out where you can get a copy! // Replace PAGE_URL with your page's canonical URL variable window.onload = function(){document.getElementById("printbtn").style.visibility = "visible"}; glen or valley in Scots-Gaelic) has been all but forgotten is because its political
Arran knew that he was badly outgunned in terms of artillery and hoped to force close combat before the English guns had time to deploy. His troops were constantly harassed by local horsemen but their advance could not be stopped. The Battle of Pinkie, also known as the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland.The last pitched battle between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing, and is considered to have been the first modern battle in the British Isles. It’s estimated that about 6,000 Scots were killed, while the English only lost between 200 and 500 men. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Other Pages of Historical
*/ Somerset rejected both of these anachronistic proposals; he was probably astonished that they had been made at all. Still the war dragged on, costing men and money, and Somerset was distracted by political problems at home. Thrown into confusion, Arran’s left wing crashed into his centre while on the other flank, Somerset send in his cavalry. /** The Scottish defeat was so severe that it became known as Black Saturday in Scotland. In that, however, he would fail--Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js";
Such an interpretation places Britain in the mainstream of military Get every new post on this blog delivered to your Inbox.
infantry, artillery and cavalry and, most remarkably, a naval bombardment in support of
She remained in France until her young husband unexpectedly died in 1560 and suddenly, the marriage of the Scottish queen became, once again, a matter of interest to England, now under the very different rule of her cousin Elizabeth.
When Henry died soon after. The Scottish pikemen drove them back, inflicting heavy casualties onto the cavalry and Lord Grey was wounded by a pike through his throat. The young Queen was sent into hiding as Somerset occupied Scottish castles and towns along the border and held large swathes of territory in the Borders and Lowlands.
They arranged themselves on the west bank of the River Esk, with the Firth of Forth on their left flank. Part of Somerset’s army took possession of Fawside Hill to the east of Arran’s position on September 9th and later in the day, occupied the Inveresk Slopes with guns, overlooking the Scottish position. All comments are moderated so they won't It was to be the last pitched battle between England and Scotland. century, but a close examination of the campaign suggests that Pinkie Cleugh was the first Pinkie Cleugh came at the end of what was known as “The Rough Wooing,” a series of conflicts in which Henry VIII (and, later, his son Edward VI) tried to force the young Mary, Queen of Scots into a marriage alliance with Edward.
* LEARN WHY DEFINING THESE VARIABLES IS IMPORTANT: It’s viewed as the first modern battle in the British Isles, being fought between a medieval and a Renaissance army, and was a crushing defeat for Scotland, where it became known as Black Saturday. Battle of Pinkie Cleugh Centuries of military struggle between Scotland and England have produced some epic contests, still seared into the folk memory of the two countries, from the humbling of English knighthood at the spear points of doughty Scots commoners at Bannockburn in 1314 to the death of Scotland's impetuous but chivalrous King James IV at Flodden in 1513. His left flank protected his left flank and a boggy area was on his right. or an account you already have with Google, Twitter, wards the war was continued by the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Click below to consent or reject cookies. })(); During the night further challenges were issued, one from Arran asking that the dispute be settled by single combat between Arran and Somerset and a second for a battle between 20 champions from each side. The Scots constructed basic fortifications to mount cannon and arquebuses, some of which were pointed into the Forth to keep English ships at bay.
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Diplomatic efforts failed as the Scots preferred a French alliance, so Henry invaded Scotland to secure the young queen, sparking the conflict which became known as the Rough Wooing.
s.setAttribute('data-timestamp', +new Date()); The Battle of Pinkie or giving it its full title, the battle of Pinkie Cleugh, was a disaster for both Scotland and the borderers who fought there. He had some guns although these were not mobile enough to be particularly useful, and 2000 cavalry under the Earl of Home, consisting mainly of Borderers, whose loyalty tended to be somewhat fluid. While the battle’s political consequences were slight, military historians have given it a greater significance as what may be seen as the first ‘modern’ battle on British soil, an idea explored in more detail in this article by Gervase Phillips originally published in Military History magazine in 1997. Learn how your comment data is processed. The Franco-Scottish alliance went ahead, and Mary was married to the young Dauphin of France. Lord Home, in a dramatic and pointless gesture, led 1500 cavalry towards the English and challenged them.
The war formally ended with the Treaty of Norham on 10 June 1551 and the last English troops were withdrawn from Scotland. The battle is significant in A Marcher Lord, set on the Borders during the War of the Rough Wooing where defeat at Pinkie Cleugh sends Will Scott back to his border fortress along with many other loyal Scots to try to hold it against the invading English. The Earl of Arran had raised an army which consisted mostly of local pikemen and some Highland archers. Discover Battle of Pinkie Cleugh Memorial Stone in Wallyford, Scotland: This memorial commemorates a defining 16th-century battle between English and Scottish forces. Many were drowned or slaughtered while trying to escape and the retreat turned into a bloody rout.
Scotland's Classified Directory. The Scots were routed and pursued for three miles westwards, depriving Arran of the bulk of his cavalry. In September 1547 Somerset led his army into Scotland, supported by a large fleet. var disqus_config = function () {
Councillor John McMillan laid a floral tribute at the Pinkie Cleugh Memorial Stone at Crookston, thanking the Old Musselburgh Club and Pinkie Cleugh Battlefield Group for continuing to keep the memory of the battle alive. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. On 7, Despite the disaster at Pinkie Cleugh, the English failed to achieve their aims and probably felt that the war had resulted in a waste of men and money. Fa’side Castle, Pinkie Cleugh by Kim Traynor (Wikimedia) On September 10 th 1547 the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh was fought on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh in Scotland. In the event you don't have an account Please enable JavaScript to view the Somerset occupied several strongholds north of the border, but just sitting around in Scotland was becoming a huge drain on the treasury. Interest It’s viewed as the first modern battle in the British Isles, being fought between a medieval and a Renaissance army, and was a crushing defeat for Scotland, where it became known as Black Saturday. On the morning of Saturday, 10 September, Somerset moved his army to join up with his guns at Inveresk. (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s); land forces. this.page.url = PAGE_URL; At the end of his reign, Henry VIII was keen to marry his young son, Edward to the baby Mary, Queen of Scots.
Unable to stand any longer they broke and ran, just as the English cavalry, which had regrouped, joined the battle, preceded by the English vanguard of 300 men under Sir John Luttrell. Still the war dragged on, costing men and money, and Somerset was distracted by political problems at home.
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